Decline of Betel Leaf Cultivation in Begusarai: Traditional Farmers Struggle Amid Market Changes

Begusarai, March 21, 2025: Once a thriving hub for betel leaf cultivation, Begusarai is witnessing a sharp decline in its traditional baraitha (betel fields). A decade ago, more than 400 acres of land in the region was dedicated to betel farming, primarily by the Chaurasia community. Today, that number has dwindled to just 15-20 acres, forcing many traditional farmers to either switch to other crops or work as laborers to sustain their families.

Shift in Demand and Market Challenges

The once-popular Desi Paan has lost its market dominance to Magahi, Banarasi, and Meetha Patta varieties, which are now in higher demand. These imported betel leaves, largely sourced from Kolkata, are treated with pesticides to increase their shelf life, whereas Desi Paan is known for its natural taste and texture.

Local farmers are struggling with the lack of government support, natural calamities, and absence of a proper market. The cost of cultivating betel on one kattha (approximately 1,360 sq. ft.) is estimated at ₹20,000 to ₹25,000, but due to poor pricing and seasonal losses, farmers barely break even.

Traditional Farmers Losing Hope

Babloo Chaurasia, a resident of Lauche in Bakhri block, shared his frustration:

“Desi betel farming was our tradition, but sales and profits have drastically dropped. If we don’t get the right price, it’s a loss-making business. The government offers no relief, and extreme weather conditions destroy our crops. Earlier, we cultivated five to six bighas, but now it’s less than one. Many have quit farming altogether.”

The decline in betel farming has been exacerbated by gutkha and sweet paan, which have significantly reduced the number of Desi Paan consumers. While Desi betel costs ₹50 per hundred leaves, Magahi, Meetha, and Banarasi varieties sell for ₹100 to ₹150 per hundred leaves, making them a more profitable option for traders.

Changing Consumer Preferences

Paan shopkeepers confirm that the youth prefer sweet paan over Desi Paan. Rajesh Kumar alias Tuna, a betel seller, said:

“Today, most people under 30 prefer sweet leaf paan. Only older customers ask for Desi leaf. Over the last 8-10 years, demand for Desi Paan has halved. The availability of gutkha, which is cheaper, has further affected the business.”

Government Promises But No Action

Despite repeated assurances, government intervention has been minimal. Anil Kumar, Assistant Director (Horticulture), Agriculture Department, admitted the decline in betel cultivation but said efforts are being made to expand its production.

“The government recently initiated a subsidy scheme for betel leaf farmers, but no such order has been issued for Begusarai yet. We are working at the departmental level to ensure betel farmers receive benefits.”

The Road Ahead

Farmers believe that financial aid, market linkage, and disaster relief could revive betel cultivation. Some have proposed betel oil extraction as an alternative, but high investment costs and uncertain markets deter them. Without immediate government support, the once-flourishing betel industry in Begusarai risks fading into history.