Patna: As winter sets in, doctors across India report a rise in patients suffering from colds, coughs, sore throats, and breathing problems. According to Dr Vikas Mittal, pulmonologist at CK Birla Hospital, four major factors explain why respiratory infections and allergies spike at this time of year.
1. Surge in pollen, mold, and dust particles
Dr explains that cooler winds stir up pollen grains, mold spores, and dust, increasing the concentration of allergens in the air. “People with asthma, sinusitis, or allergies may see worsening symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, or breathlessness. Even healthy individuals may feel irritation in the throat or lungs,” he said. These microscopic particles cause inflammation once inhaled, triggering allergic and respiratory reactions.
2. Pollution and wind spread allergens further
Winter winds not only carry these particles but also mix them with urban pollution — smoke, exhaust fumes, and industrial dust. This combination forms a toxic layer in the air, worsening conditions like asthma and COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). “In cities with poor air quality, pollutants and allergens together increase airway inflammation,” Dr Mittal noted.
3. Dry air weakens the body’s defences
Cold air typically holds less moisture, and strong winds lower humidity even further. This dries out the mucous membranes in the nose and throat — the body’s natural barrier against viruses and bacteria. Once the protective layer is compromised, infections such as colds, bronchitis, sinusitis, or pneumonia can develop more easily. Elderly people, children, and those with chronic illnesses are particularly vulnerable.
4. Viruses spread faster in cool, dry air
Low humidity and increased wind speed also help viruses linger and travel farther in the air. When an infected person sneezes or coughs, viral droplets can remain suspended longer and spread widely. “This explains why colds and flu cases rise sharply during early winter,” Dr Mittal added.
How to protect yourself this season
Health experts recommend simple preventive steps to reduce exposure and infection risk:
- Check the AQI and pollen count before going outdoors.
- Wear an N95 or anti-pollution mask, especially on windy or polluted days.
- Keep windows closed and use air purifiers with HEPA filters when possible.
- Clean your nasal passages daily with saline drops or Jala Neti.
- Inhale steam once or twice a day to ease throat and nasal inflammation.
- Stay hydrated to maintain mucosal moisture.
- Wash your hands frequently to limit viral transmission.
Winter may bring a welcome chill, but it also opens the door to allergens and infections. Experts advise maintaining good indoor air quality, staying warm, and taking preventive measures to keep respiratory health in check.
