Patna: Bihar’s geographical location, characterized by alluvial soil, the proximity of the Himalayas to the north, and wind patterns from the east and west, plays a significant role in exacerbating air pollution in the state. However, human activities such as vehicle emissions, industrial discharge, open waste burning, agricultural stubble burning, and improper transportation of construction materials further compound the problem.
During winter, meteorological factors like low temperatures, decreased wind speeds, and reduced solar radiation lead to the accumulation of pollutants, worsening air quality. These seasonal conditions often result in higher Air Quality Index (AQI) levels.
In response, the Bihar State Pollution Control Board has taken significant steps to mitigate pollution. Under a special campaign in 2024, financial penalties in the form of environmental compensation were imposed on air polluters. Patna Municipal Corporation also levied fines on violators. Additionally, intensive awareness campaigns by the state council have reportedly led to greater public consciousness regarding air pollution control.
Currently, 35 Continuous Air Quality Monitoring Centres (CAQMCs) operate across 24 cities in Bihar, measuring AQI based on 24-hour averages in accordance with National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).
A comparative study of AQI levels from November and December in 2023 and 2024 highlights progress in tackling air pollution:
- Improved Conditions: In December 2024, no city in Bihar crossed the severe AQI threshold of 300.
- Reduced Duration of Poor Air Quality: Cities like Hajipur exceeded the 300 AQI level for 12 days, Araria for 2 days, and Bihar Sharif, Buxar, Saharsa, and Sasaram for only one day each.
- Better Urban Air Quality: Key cities such as Patna, Muzaffarpur, Bhagalpur, Aurangabad, Gaya, Nalanda, and Nawada did not breach the 300 level at all.
- Statewide Improvement: The average AQI levels for November 2024 decreased to 193, compared to 211 in November 2023. Similarly, the December average fell from 219 in 2023 to 181 in 2024.
These figures underscore the impact of government initiatives in improving air quality across the state. While challenges remain, the decline in AQI levels reflects meaningful progress towards combating air pollution in Bihar.
