Patna: Makhana, once a traditional crop confined largely to the Mithila region, is rapidly emerging as a global superfood, positioning Bihar as a leading centre of production worldwide.
Driven by increasing global awareness of health and nutrition, demand for makhana has surged in international markets. Known for its high nutritional value and medicinal properties, the crop is witnessing a steady rise in prices, offering a significant opportunity for economic growth among farmers in the state.
The expansion of makhana cultivation in Bihar has accelerated in recent years. While historically limited to a few districts in north Bihar, the crop is now spreading across the state. At present, makhana is cultivated over approximately 40,000 hectares, with strong indications that this area will expand substantially in the coming decade.
The state government has further boosted this growth under the Makhana Vikas Yojana. The scheme, which previously covered 10 districts, has now been extended to 16 districts, with farmers receiving a subsidy of up to 75% for cultivation.
The newly included districts are Sitamarhi, Muzaffarpur, Samastipur, Bhagalpur, East Champaran and West Champaran, joining existing makhana-growing regions such as Darbhanga, Madhubani, Saharsa, Supaul, Madhepura, Araria, Kishanganj, Purnia, Katihar and Khagaria.
Officials estimate that the Bihar government will spend around Rs 17 crore over the next two years to support the expansion. The move reflects a broader shift in viewing makhana not just as a regional crop, but as a state-wide economic driver.
Experts, however, have urged caution in scaling up production. Dr Manoj Kumar, a senior scientist at the National Makhana Research Center, said that while the expansion presents a major opportunity, it must be pursued with scientific planning and environmental awareness.
Bihar already faces challenges related to water resources, and unregulated expansion could strain groundwater levels. Scientists suggest that with proper management, makhana cultivation could increase tenfold — from 40,000 hectares to as much as 400,000 hectares — without excessive environmental impact.
Beyond farming, the crop also holds potential for employment generation and rural entrepreneurship. Increased processing and value addition within the state could ensure that the economic benefits remain in Bihar, strengthening its agriculture-based economy and reducing migration.
Makhana, experts say, is no longer just a crop but a symbol of Bihar’s identity and future potential. With careful planning and sustained policy support, it could become a cornerstone of long-term economic prosperity in the state.
