Patna: In a significant boost to Bihar’s agricultural economy, the state has more than doubled its area under makhana (fox nut) cultivation over the past decade, thanks to targeted interventions by the state government and agricultural bodies such as the Department of Agriculture and COMFED.
Back in 2012, makhana farming was confined to around 13,000 hectares. Under the Mukhyamantri Bagwani Mission, a dedicated horticulture initiative, this figure has grown to over 35,224 hectares. The use of improved seed varieties through the Makhana Vikas Yojana has led to a marked increase in productivity, benefiting nearly 25,000 farmers.
This expansion comes after Bihar’s Mithila Makhana received a Geographical Indication (GI) tag from the central government in August 2022, granting the product formal recognition for its unique regional identity.
Government Support Driving Growth
Launched in 2019-20, the Makhana Development Scheme is spearheading this agricultural revival. The state is promoting high-yield varieties developed by the Makhana Research Centre in Darbhanga such as Swarn Vaidehi and Sabour Makhana-1 from the Bhola Paswan Shastri Agricultural College. Beyond cultivation, farmers are receiving financial assistance for constructing storage units and participating in promotional festivals, both within and outside Bihar, to raise awareness and market reach for makhana.
Expanding Beyond Traditional Districts
Traditionally grown in 10 districts—Darbhanga, Madhubani, Katihar, Araria, Purnia, Kishanganj, Supaul, Madhepura, Saharsa, and Khagaria—makhana cultivation has now extended to 16 districts to meet growing domestic and international demand. Bihar alone contributes around 85% of India’s total makhana output.
Revenue Sees a Fourfold Surge
Revenue from makhana and fisheries-related water taxes has soared from Rs 3.83 crore in 2005 to Rs 17.52 crore in 2023-24, a 4.57-fold increase. In response to global demand, the state is also preparing to set up a Makhana Board. This body will oversee integrated development including area expansion, mechanisation, processing, marketing, and exports.
The state’s efforts are beginning to bear international fruit—literally. In a landmark moment, COMFED recently facilitated the export of Sudha-branded makhana to the United States, indicating Bihar’s growing footprint in the global superfood market.
