Bettiah / Patna : The Valmiki Tiger Reserve (VTR) in Bihar is set to conduct its first-ever census of gaur, also known as Indian bison, following an increase in their population. Camera trap footage has confirmed the presence of herds in the reserve, prompting authorities to prepare a detailed plan for their enumeration.
The global population of gaurs is estimated at around 30,000, with India accounting for 85% of them. In Bihar, VTR is the only habitat for these massive wild cattle. Dr Neshamani K, Conservator of Forests and Area Director of VTR, said that to ensure their safety, the administration has formed a special team and intensified patrolling efforts.
VTR’s grasslands in Valmikinagar, Ganauli, Harnatad, Chiutahan, Radhia, Gobardhana, and Manguraha provide an ideal environment for gaurs. They are frequently spotted in herds of dozens during jungle safaris, particularly in Valmikinagar, Manguraha, and Gobardhana.
A conservation success story
The gaur population in VTR traces its origins to a small group of five or six individuals that migrated from Nepal in 1996–97. Their numbers have since grown, thanks to improved habitat management, protection measures, and conservation efforts.
Gaurs breed between December and March, with females giving birth after a gestation period of nine to 11 months. A single female typically produces up to five calves in her lifetime. Male gaurs leave the herd at around two years of age and can weigh between 500 and 700 kg. Their primary diet consists of coarse grasses.
Despite their increasing numbers, no official count has been conducted. The newly prepared master plan has been submitted to Bihar’s Forest Ministry for approval. If sanctioned, the gaur census will be conducted using methods similar to tiger population surveys.
