Patna: Blood pressure usually drops during sleep, giving the heart and circulatory system time to rest. But on waking, the body releases hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline to prepare for daily activity, causing a natural increase. For some, this surge is sharp enough to be harmful – a condition known as morning hypertension.
Doctors warn that people with elevated blood pressure on waking face a greater risk of heart disease and stroke, as cardiovascular problems are more likely to occur in the early hours of the day. Lifestyle choices, untreated conditions and poorly managed medication can all contribute to the problem.
Sleep apnoea and disrupted breathing
One of the most common causes is sleep apnoea, in which breathing repeatedly stops during sleep. Falling oxygen levels trigger the release of stress hormones, raising heart rate and blood pressure throughout the night. The Sleep Foundation notes that people with untreated sleep apnoea are far more likely to experience resistant hypertension, heart disease and stroke, with many showing a sudden morning spike in blood pressure.
Medication timing and effectiveness
Blood pressure drugs are designed to work for limited periods, and their effects may wear off overnight. Experts say that missed doses or incorrect timing of medication can leave blood pressure uncontrolled by morning. Adjusting the schedule of long-acting drugs under medical guidance is often recommended.
Diet and alcohol’s hidden impact
Food choices also play a role. Salty or processed foods eaten late at night can cause fluid retention, raising blood volume and pressure. Heavy evening meals add strain to the heart and prevent the expected nighttime dip in blood pressure.
Alcohol, often mistakenly thought to improve sleep, can worsen the problem. Research published by the US National Library of Medicine shows that regular drinking disrupts sleep quality and is linked to higher morning blood pressure.
Stress, hormones and underlying conditions
The body’s natural “morning surge” of stress hormones is normal, but for those living with anxiety, chronic stress or health problems, the effect can be amplified. In severe cases, this surge can trigger cardiovascular events.
Underlying conditions such as diabetes, obesity and chronic kidney disease also interfere with blood pressure regulation, putting patients at higher risk of morning hypertension.
Experts emphasise that recognising and addressing morning hypertension is crucial. Left untreated, the condition can quietly increase the likelihood of serious heart and vascular complications.
