Patna: Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to breathlessness, wheezing, coughing and chest tightness. While often associated with winter, asthma can worsen whenever weather conditions shift, especially when the air becomes colder and drier.
Doctors say the condition is driven by inflammation in the air passages, making it difficult for air to move freely into the lungs. Asthma is particularly common among children and teenagers, though adults can experience significant flare-ups too.
Why winter makes asthma worse
A spike in symptoms during winter, sometimes referred to as “winter asthma,” is common. Cold, dry air can irritate the airways, making them narrower. Indoor allergens and seasonal respiratory infections — including colds, flu and viral coughs — further heighten the risk of an asthma attack.
Common symptoms of asthma
Asthma symptoms vary from person to person, but the most frequent signs in adults and adolescents include:
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Difficulty breathing
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Wheezing or whistling sounds
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Persistent cough
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Chest tightness
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Breathlessness even at rest
Coughing related to asthma may worsen:
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at night or early morning
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after exercise
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in cold weather
How an asthma attack feels
According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), an asthma attack may feel like “trying to breathe through a straw”. During an episode, the airways become inflamed, constricted and filled with mucus.
Warning signs of an asthma attack
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Severe breathlessness
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Persistent wheezing
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Tightness or pain in the chest
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Continuous coughing
Signs of a severe attack requiring urgent care
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Difficulty speaking
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Bluish lips
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No relief from reliever inhalers
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Extreme exhaustion
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Pain while breathing
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Trouble sleeping due to symptoms
Even people whose asthma is normally mild can suffer a sudden, serious attack. Doctors advise seeking medical help immediately in such cases.
Why asthma develops
Asthma stems from a mix of environmental and genetic factors. It is more likely in people who:
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have allergies
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are exposed to cigarette smoke or air pollutants
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work in environments with chemicals (such as agriculture, hairdressing, manufacturing)
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have high body weight
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are exposed to dust or mould
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experience chronic stress
Prevention and long-term management
Experts recommend several measures to reduce the risk of flare-ups:
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Avoid dust, mould and smoke
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Stop smoking and avoid second-hand smoke
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Get vaccinated against flu
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Maintain a healthy weight
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Look after mental health
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Identify and reduce exposure to personal triggers
Asthma remains manageable with the right treatment plan, regular follow-ups and awareness of early symptoms.
Disclaimer: This article offers general medical information. Always consult your doctor for personalised advice or treatment.
