Patna: The formation of the Makhana Development Board in Bihar is set to expand cultivation, mechanisation, and export of the superfood, promising higher incomes and self-employment opportunities for thousands of farmers.
Bihar, which produces 85% of India’s makhana, is preparing for a major push after the central government’s announcement of the board in the 2025-26 budget. Around 50,000 to 60,000 farmers and labourers are directly engaged in makhana farming across 16 districts, with Madhubani alone accounting for more than 10,000 cultivators.
Currently grown on 40,000 to 45,000 hectares, the state produces about 70,000 tonnes annually. Experts note that makhana trade is growing by nearly 12% each year, with the annual turnover valued at Rs 7,000 to 8,000 crore. Projections suggest it could surpass Rs 50,000 crore within a decade.
The new board is expected to provide financial assistance, storage, branding, and training, while also promoting processing and value addition. Farmers stand to benefit from mechanised harvesting and popping machines, reducing labour costs and increasing productivity.
Bihari makhana, already recognised globally as a superfood and priced abroad at Rs 5,000 to Rs 15,000 per kilogram, is in high demand across the US, Nepal, Canada, England, New Zealand, and Gulf countries. With exports currently reaching 45 countries, experts predict that figure could soon cross 100.
Researchers caution, however, that challenges such as declining groundwater and the loss of ponds and lakes must be addressed to ensure sustainable growth. The board is also expected to bridge the gap between farmers and traders, ensuring fairer returns for cultivators.
